Gastroenterology mnemonics

Causes of Acute Pancreatitis: GET SMASHEDD

Gallstones

Ethanol

Trauma

Steroids

Mumps (other viruses include Coxsackie B)

Autoimmune (e.g. Polyarteritis nodosa), Ascaris infection

Scorpion venom

Hypertriglyceridemia, Hyperchylomicronemia**, Hypercalcemia, Hypothermia

ERCP

Drugs (azathioprine, mesalazine*, didanosine, bendroflumethiazide, furosemide, pentamidine,

steroids, sodium valproate)

 high Degree burn of large skin area with significant inhalation injury

Retroperitoneal Structures: SAD PUCKER

Suprarenal glands (adrenal glands)

Aorta/IVC

Duodenum (second to fourth segments)

Pancreas (tail is intraperitoneal)

Ureters

Colon (only the ascending and descending branches)

Kidneys

Esophagus

Rectum

Differential Diagnosis of Abdominal Distention: the 6 Fs

1-Feces

2-Fetus

3-Fat

4-Flatus

5-Fluid

6-Fetal Growth

Infectious Causes of Inflammatory Diarrhea: YES CSC

Yersinia

E. coli

Shigella

Campylobacter

Salmonella

C. difficile

Fat Soluble Vitamins: ADEK

Vitamin A,

Vitamin D,

Vitamin E,

Vitamin K

Gluten found in: BROW

Barley

Rye

Oats (controversial)

Wheat

Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Urinary calculi

Liver problems

Cholelithiasis

Epithelial problems

Retardation of growth/sexual maturation

Arthralgias

Thrombophlebitis

Iatrogenic complications

Vitamin deficiencies

Eyes problems

Colorectal cancer

Obstruction

Leakage (perforation)

Iron deficiency

Toxic megacolon

Inanition (wasting)

Strictures

Causes of Constipation: PEDOD

Pain: (anal fissure)

Endocrine dysfunction (hypothyroidism)

Drugs

Obstruction

Depression

Causes of lower GI bleeding: CHAND

Colitis: radiation, infectious, ischemic, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (UC > CD)

Hemorrhoids/fissure

Angiodysplasia

Neoplastic

Diverticular disease

Clinical Manifestations of Wilson’s disease: ABCCCCD

Asterixis

Basal ganglia degeneration: suspect if parkinsonian features in the young

Ceruloplasmin

Cirrhosis

Corneal deposits (Kayser-Fleischer ring)

Copper accumulation in liver, brain and other vital organs

Dementia

Cirrhosis Complications: VARICES

Varices

Anemia

Renal failure

Infection

Coagulopathy

Encephalopathy

Sepsis

Precipitating Factors for Hepatic Encephalopathy: HEPATICS

Hemorrhage in GI tract / Hypokalemia

Excess dietary protein

Paracentesis

Alkalosis / Anemia

Trauma

Infection

Colon surgery

Sedatives

Pancreatic Enzymes: TALC

Trypsin

Amylase

Lipase

Chymotrypsin

Causes of Upper GI bleeds: GUM BLEED

Gastritis

Ulcers

Mallory-Weiss tears

Biliary: Hemobilia is bleeding from the biliary tree, rare

Large esophageal varices

Esophagitis

Enteric-aortic fistula (seen in patients with aortic grafts)

Dieulafoy's lesion (gastric vessel aneurysm)

Lower GI Bleeds: ID RAIN

Ischemic colitis

Diverticulosis

Radiation

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM), Angiodysplasia

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Neoplasms (Cancer)

Risk factors for gallstones: The 5 Fs

1-Fat

2-Female

3-Fertile

4-Forty years old

5-Fair

Causes of Vomiting: VOMITING MAP

Vestibular

Opiates

Migraine

Infection

Toxicity (cytotoxic, digoxin)

Increased intra cranial pressure (ICP)

Neurogenic

GI/ Gestation

Metabolic e.g. DKA

Alcohol

Pain: Vagal reflex

Predisposing factors of peptic ulcers: ABCDEFGHI

 A: Anxiety

B: Blood group O

C: Cigarette, Coffee

D: Drugs (especially ASA, NSAID)

E: Emotions

F: Family history

G: Gastric hyper secretion

H: Helicobacter pylori

I: Intensive care unit (ICU) admission, stress ulcer

   

Meckel’s Diverticulum: Rule Of 2

 2 inches long

2 feet from the ileocecal valve

2% of the population

Gastric Carcinoma Risk Factors: the 5As

 Anemia (ie, pernicious anemia)

Achlorhydria

Atrophic gastritis

Adenomas (ie, gastric adenomas)

A blood group

Foods/Substances that Aggravate
GERD Symptoms:

• EtOH

• Caffeine

• Tobacco

• Fatty/fried foods

• Chocolate

• Peppermint

• Spicy foods

• Citrus fruit juices